Improvement in axles and shafts



. city of Utica, in the county of Oneida, in the State of lnted* 5mm W I L L lv A M il l-l A W L E Y,

Ol" UTICA, NEW YORK.

Lette s Patent No. 96,318, dated .Yfn-mnlu'r 2, .1569.

l *dw- The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of *he same.

T o all whom it may concern. .2

, Be it known that I, XVILLIAM'H. HAWLEY, ofthe New York, have invented certain Improvements in Axles and Shafts, of which the following is a specilication.

Nature and Objects of my Invention..

My invention relates to the introduction, upon the arm of an axle or shaft, of iron or steel bearings, in combination with certain other bearings, of box or other metal or metals, in such a manner that the said iron or steel bearings shall protect the said box-metal bearings, the object of my invention being to secure and protectthe axle or shaft-bearings made of hoxmetal, or other metal or metals, from being injured by breakage, loosening, abrasion, or any other injury resulting from the ordinary movements, and im'pingei ments, and percussion, and friction of the box or cover, which revolves upon the said axle, or within which the said axle or shatt revolves.

Description of the Accompanying Drawing.

Figure 1 is a view of wagon-skein and section ot' box, exhibiting my invention as applied to skeins.

Figure 2 shows a section ot' axle-box, and gives a View of an axle embodying my invention as applied to axles or shafts.

General Description.

a is the ordinary nnt and screw.

E E is a section of the box which Coversv the skein .lr the axle.

A A are metal bearings, usually made of box-metal. lhey may be made of Babbits metal, or of bell-metal, or of copper a-lone, or ot' tin alone, or of zinc alone, or of the compounds of any two or more o t' these and other metals. These bearings are usually solderedor welded on tothe axle or skein. l usually attach them 'to the said axle or skein by a process ot' casting.

The object of these bearings A A is to diminish the amount of friction between the box E and the axle or skein, .and also to prevent the cutting ot' the aforesaid box, which rests upon these bearings.

llheapplication of these bearings to the axle and skein of road-carriages has already been secured by Letters )atene granted to liansom l. Gillette on the 30th day ot' September, 1862, for improvement in wagon-axles; and by further Letters latent, granted to said Bansom l. Gillette on the 13th day ot' February, 1866, for vehicles, journals, and machinery; and by Letters Patent, granted to A. Gillette on the 1st day of January, 1867, for axles for vehicles.

My invention relates to the introduction ofthe .iron bearings B B B B to support andprotect tlnl bearings A A of the axle or skein.

Having purchased a certain interest in the atore-` mentioned Letters Patent for several States' of' the United States, and havin g commenced the manufacture of the bearings described in said Letters Patent, and substantially described in this specification under the description of letters A' A, I found them practically worthless. The reason for --this was, that after a few months wear, the constant percussion, communicated, from the wheel, through the box E, upon the bearings A' A, either broke them ott, or so danmgcd them that theyhad to be removed.

To remedy this defect', and to protect the bearings from injury, I invented the iron bearings B B B B. These are formed with the axle or skein, and constitute a part of it. lhey are narrower than the bearings A' A, and expose but a small iiction-surfaee to the box E.

I eut these iron or steel bearings B B B B down to about the same height as the box-metal bearings A A. I use four iron bearings, B B B B, in the construction of my carriage-axle, iig. 2. lplace oneot these iron or steel bearings on each side ot' and in juxtaposition with each of the bearings, marked A A.

I use, at present, two iron or steel bearings, B B, in

the construction of my wagon-skein, iig. 1. .l place one' of these on the end ofthe bearing A' nearest the nut and screw, and the other on the end ot' the bearing A nearest the shoulder of the skein. I, however, do not limit myself to the use ot' two or four iron or steel bearings, but claim the right, and as part ot` my in/vention, to use more or fewer ot' these iron or steel bearings, as experience shall dictate, to s ecure the end desired. Neither does your applicant restrict his invention to the axles or skeins ot' road-vehicles; but be claims, as part ot' his inventiomand included under it, the right to apply my improvement 'and combination, and the application ot the same to all sorts of shafts, and toall sorts ot' axles, whether used in machinery, or in steam-carriages, or in vehicles ot" any other de- `scription. y

Tlhe operation of my vimprovement is as follows:

In tig. 2, the carriage or vehicle being,r set in motion, the box E revolves upon the axle. 'lbe packing, made of cotton, or clot-h, or other material, being wound around the arm l) of the axle, and filling the space (l, between the box E and the arm D, is saturated with oil. This oil lubricates the bearings A A and B B v,B B. the bearings A'A, which are made quite broad. These hearings, being,r composed ot' box-metal, or of some. met-al or metals other than iron, do not eut or rapidly wear away the iron or steel box, but will wear for a long period ot time, and the box revolves upon thc axle. wlth less friction than would be the case were all the bearings of iron or steel. Thel box fll also restsupon tinl bearings B B l ,B,fwhi1 -h are made quite The weight ofthe carriage rests principally upon f narrow, in order to present less friction-,surface to the box E; These bearings, in practice, support the bear.

ings A' A, and protect them from injury.

The axle of a carriage receives lnore 'or less percussion from the wheel passingover pavements, stones, or y ruts, and any elevations or depression in the road; andthe operation of these iron o1' steel bearings is, by

their hardness, and toughness, and firmness, and thorough solidity, to protect the other bearings A.' A from breakage and abrasion, or drawing, by concussion, or pounding, or from being otherwise injured.

In fig. 1, the wagon or heavy vehicle being set in motion, the method of operation of the iron bearings B B, and of the other bearings A A, Whose composition has heretofore been described, is substantially the same as that of the carriage-axle bearings. Nor will the operation of my improvement and combination, as applied to shaft-ing,` er to the axles of railroadwehicles, or other carrie ges and vehicles, differ in substance from that heretofore described. l

' -K K, iig. 1, are gutters turned in the wagon-skein, to catch any dirt which may work in from the outside, and to prevent this dirt from working on to the bearings A' A, and cutting their smooth surfaces.

H H, g. 1, are tents, for holding the packing in its place.

Claim.

What I claim as' my invention, and desire to secure l by Letters Patent, is-

, The combination of four or more, 01l fewer, iron or steel bearing, B B B B, upon all sorts of shafts, and

upon all sorts' of' axles, whether used in machinery, or in carriages or vehicles of any sort whatsoever, with the metal bea-rings A A, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth. Y

WM. H. HAWLEY. Witnesses:

WILLIAM H. PRATT, ELIAKLM J. STODDARD. 

